Architrave
The lowermost member of a classical entablature, resting originally upon columns. Also, a molded or decorated band framing a panel or an opening, especially a rectangular one, as of a door or window.

Balloon Frame
A wooden building frame composed of machine-sawed scantlings fastened with nails, having studs rising the full height of the frame with the joists nailed to the studs and supported by sills or by ribbons let into the studs

Balustrade
A railing with supporting balusters.

Balusters
Any of a number of closely spaced supports for a railing.

Bargeboard
A board, often carved, hanging from the projecting end of a sloping roof. Also called vergeboard.

Cartouche
A rounded, convex surface, usually surrounded with carved ornamental scrollwork, for receiving a painted or low-relief decoration, as an escutcheon.

Chateau
A stately residence imitating a distinctively French castle or a country estate, especially a fine one.

Clapboard
A long, thing board, thicker along one edge than along the other, used in covering the outer walls of buildings, being laid horizontally, the thick edge of each board overlapping the thin edge of the board below it.

Cornice
Any prominent, continuous, horizontally projecting feature surmounting a wall or other construction, or dividing it horizontally for compositional purposes. Also, the uppermost member of a classical entablature, consisting of a bed molding, a corona, and a cymatium, with rows of dentils, modillions, etc., often placed between the bed molding and the corona.

Corona
The projecting, slablike member of a classical cornice supported by the bed molding or by modillions, dentils, etc., and supporting the cymatium.

Crocket
A medieval ornament, usually in the form of a leaf that curves up and away from the supporting surface and returns partially upon itself.

Cusp
A decorative device, used especially in Gothic architecture to vary the outlines of intradoses or to form architectural foils, consisting of a pair of curves tangent to the real or imaginary line defining the area decorated and meeting at a point within the area.

Cyma
Either of two molding having a partly convex and partly concave curve for an outline: used especially in classical architecture.

Cyma recta
A cyma whose concave part projects beyond the convex part.

Cymatium
The uppermost member of a classical cornice or of a cornice of similar form: usually a cyma recta in classical examples.

Dentils
Any of a series of closely spaced, small, rectangular blocks, used especially in classical architecture beneath the coronas of Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite cornices.

Entablature
The entire construction of a classical temple or the like between the columns and the eaves, usually composed of an architrave, a frieze, and a cornice.

Eave
Usually an overhanging lower edge of a roof.

Escutcheon
An ornamental or protective plate around a keyhole, door handle, drawer pull, light switch, etc.

Finial
A relatively small, ornamental, terminal feature at the top a gable, pinnacle, etc.

Foil
An arc or a rounded space between cusps, as in the tracery of a window or other ornamentation.

Flying buttress
A segmental arch transmitting an outward and downward thrust to a solid buttress that through its inertia transforms the thrust into a vertical one.

Frieze
The part of a classical entablature between the architrave and the cornice, usually decorated with sculpture in low relief. Also, any decorative band on an outside wall, broader than a stringcourse and bearing lettering, sculpture, etc. Can also be any decorative band at the top or beneath the cornice of an interior wall, a piece of furniture, etc.

Gable
The portion of the front or side of a building enclosed by or masking the end of a pitched roof.

Gambrel
A gable roof, each side of which has a shallower slope above a steeper one.

Gothic
Noting or pertaining to a style of architecture, originating in France in the middle of the 12th century and existing in the western half of Europe through the middle of the 16th century, characterized by the use of the pointed arch and the ribbed vault, by the use of fine woodwork and stonework, by a progressive lightening of structure, and by the use of such features as flying buttresses, ornamental gables, crockets, and foils.

Hipped Roof
A roof type where all four sides of a rectangular building have a vertical roof element above them. The junction where two adjacent sides meet is the hip.

Intrados
The interior curve or surface of an arch or vault.

Mansard
A hip roof, each face of which has a steeper lower part and a shallower upper part.

Modillions
An ornamental cantilever beneath the corona or similar member of cornice, stringcourse, etc.

Mullion
A vertical member, as of stone or wood, between the lights of a window, the panels in wainscoting, or the like. Also, one of the radiating bars of a rose window or the like.

Palladian Window
A window in the form of a round-headed archway with a narrower compartment on either side, the side compartments usually being capped with entablatures on which the arch of the central compartment rests. Also called Diocletian window, Venetian window.

Parapet
Any low protective wall or barrier at the edge of a balcony, roof, bridge, or the like.

Pilaster
A shallow rectangular feature projecting from a wall, having a capital and base and usually imitating the form of a column.

Pinnacle
A relatively small, upright structure, commonly terminating in a gable, a pyramid, or a cone, rising above the roof or coping of a building, or capping a tower, buttress, or other projecting architectural member.

Porte Cochere
A covered carriage entrance leading into a courtyard. Also, a porch at the door of a building for sheltering persons entering and leaving carriages.

Renaissance
Noting or pertaining to the group of architectural styles existing in Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries as adaptations of ancient Roman architectural details or compositional forms to contemporary uses.

Rose window
A circular window decorated with tracery symmetrical about the center.

Scantlings
A timber of relatively slight width and thickness, as a stud or rafter in a house frame.

Saltbox
A type of house found especially in New England, generally two full stories high in front and one story high in back, the roof having about the same pitch in both directions so that the ridge is well toward the front of the house.

Sash
A fixed or moveable framework, as in a window or door, in which panes of glass are set.

Stringcourse
A horizontal band or course, as of stone, projecting beyond or flush with the face of a building, often molded and sometimes richly carved.

Tetrastyle
Having four columns.

Tudor Revival Style
Architectural style associated with the Tudor dynasty in England, its features include false half-timbering, elaborate and massive chimneys, and strapwork in the gable ends.